Vaccinations for Adult Horses
Share
Core Vaccines
Core Vaccinations protect against diseases that are endemic to a region, are virulent/highly contagious, pose a risk of severe disease, those having potential public health significance, and/or are required by law. Core vaccines have clearly demonstrable efficacy and safety, with a high enough level of patient benefit and low enough level of risk to justify their use in all equids.
**All vaccination programs should be developed in consultation with a licensed veterinarian**
|
DISEASE |
BROODMARES |
OTHER ADULT HORSES (>1 year of age) previously vaccinated against the disease indicated |
OTHER ADULT HORSES (>1 year of age) previously unvaccinated or lacking vaccination history |
COMMENTS |
|
Tetanus |
Previously vaccinated: Annual, 4-6 weeks pre-partum. Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: 2-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate 4-6 weeks pre-partum. |
Annual |
2-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. Annual revaccination. |
Booster at time of penetrating injury or prior to surgery if last dose was administered over 6 months previously. |
|
Eastern/Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE/WEE) |
Previously vaccinated: Annual, 4-6 weeks pre-partum. Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: 2-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate 4-6 weeks pre-partum. |
Annual - Spring, prior to onset of vector season. |
2-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate prior to the onset of the next vector season. |
Consider 6-month revaccination interval for: 1) Horses residing in epidemic areas 2) Immunocompromised horses |
|
West Nile Virus (WNV) |
Previously vaccinated: Annual, 4-6 weeks pre-partum. Unvaccinated or lacking vaccination history: It is preferable to vaccinate naive mares when open. In areas of high risk, initiate primary series as described for unvaccinated, adult horses. |
Annual- Spring, prior to onset of vector season. |
Inactivated whole virus vaccine: 2-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate prior to the onset of the next vector season. Recombinant canary pox vaccine: 2-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate prior to the onset of the next vector season. Inactivated flavivirus chimera vaccine: 2-dose series: 2nd dose 3-4 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate prior to the onset of the next vector season. |
When using the inactivated or the recombinant product, consider 6-month revaccination interval for: 1) Horses residing in endemic areas 2) Juvenile (<5 years of age) 3) Geriatric horses (>15 years of age) 4) Immunocompromised horses |
|
Rabies |
Annual, 4-6 weeks pre-partum OR Prior to breeding* |
Annual |
Single dose. Annual revaccination |
*Due to the relatively long duration of immunity, this vaccine may be given post-foaling but prior to breeding and thus reduce the number of vaccines given to a mare pre-partum. |
Risk-Based Vaccines
Risk-Based Vaccines are selected for use based on risk assessment** performed by, or in consultation with, a licensed veterinarian. Use of these vaccines may vary between individuals, populations, and/or geographic regions. Note: Vaccines are listed in this table in alphabetical order, not in order of priority for use.
**Refer to ’Principles of Vaccination’ in main document for criteria used in performing risk assessment.
|
DISEASE |
BROODMARES |
OTHER ADULT HORSES (>1 year of age) previously vaccinated against the disease indicated |
OTHER ADULT HORSES (>1 year of age) previously unvaccinated or lacking vaccination history |
COMMENTS |
|
Anthrax |
Not recommended during gestation. |
Annual |
2-dose series: 2nd dose 3-4 weeks after 1st dose. Annual revaccination. |
Do not administer concurrently with antibiotics. Use caution during storage, handling and administration. Consult a physician immediately if human exposure to vaccine occurs by accidental injection, ingestion, or otherwise through the conjunctiva or broken skin. |
|
Botulism |
Previously vaccinated: Annual, 4-6 weeks pre-partum. Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: 3-dose series: 1st dose at 8 months gestation. 2nd dose 4 weeks after 1st dose. 3rd dose 4 weeks after 2nd dose. |
Annua |
3-dose series: 2nd dose 4 weeks after 1st dose. 3rd dose 4 weeks after 2nd dose. Annual revaccination |
N/A |
|
Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) |
3-dose series with product labeled for protection against EHV abortion. Give at 5, 7 and 9 months of gestation. |
Annual (see comments) |
3-dose series: 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st dose. 3rd dose 4-6 weeks after 2nd dose. |
Consider 6-month revaccination interval for: 1) Horses less than 5 years of age 2) Horses on breeding farms or in contact with pregnant mares 3) Performance or show horses at high risk |
|
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) |
Not recommended unless high risk. |
Annual Stallions, teasers: Vaccinate 2-4 weeks before breeding season. Mares: Vaccinate when open. |
Single dose (See comments) |
Prior to initial vaccination, intact males and any horses potentially intended for export should undergo serologic testing and be confirmed negative for antibodies to EAV. Testing should be performed shortly prior to, or preferably at, the time of vaccination. |
|
Influenza |
Previously vaccinated: Inactivated vaccine: Semi-annual with one dose administered 4 - 6 weeks pre-partum. Canary pox vector vaccine: Semi-annual with one dose administered 4 - 6 weeks pre-partum. Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: Inactivated vaccine:3-dose series 2nd dose 4 - 6 weeks after 1st dose 3rd dose 4 - 6 weeks pre-partum Canary pox vector vaccine: 2-dose series 2nd dose 4 - 6 weeks after 1st dose but no later than 4 weeks pre-partum. |
Horses with ongoing risk of exposure: Semi-annual Horses at low risk of exposure: Annual. |
Modified live vaccine: Single dose administered intranasally. Revaccinate semi-annually to annually Inactivated vaccine: 3-dose series 2nd dose 4 - 6 weeks after 1st dose. 3rd dose 3 - 6 months after 2nd dose. Revaccinate semi-annually to annually Canary pox vector vaccine: 2-dose series 2nd dose 4 - 6 weeks after 1st dose. Revaccinate semi-annually |
N/A |
|
Leptospirosis |
Safe for use in pregnant mares Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: 2 initial doses 3-4 weeks apart Previously vaccinated: Annual revaccination |
Annual |
2 initial doses 3-4 weeks apart Annual revaccination |
Field safety testing has demonstrated this product is safe for use in pregnant mares. |
|
Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) |
Previously vaccinated: Semi-annual, with one dose given 4-6 weeks pre-partum Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: 2-dose series 1st dose at 8 months gestation. 2nd dose 4-6 weeks pre-partum |
Semi-annual to annual |
2-dose series 2nd dose 3-4 weeks after 1st dose Semi-annual or annual booster |
A revaccination interval of 3-4 months may be considered in endemic areas when disease risk is high. |
|
Rotavirus |
3-dose series 1st dose at 8 months gestation. 2nd and 3rd doses at 4-week intervals thereafter. |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
N/A |
|
Snake Bite |
Please see guidelines for additional information |
Please see guidelines for additional information |
Please see guidelines for additional information |
N/A |
|
Strangles (Streptococcus equi) |
Previously vaccinated: Killed vaccine containing M-protein: Semi-annual with one dose given 4 - 6 weeks pre-partum Previously unvaccinated or having unknown vaccination history: Killed vaccine containing M-protein: 3-dose series 2nd dose 2 - 4 weeks after 1st dose 3rd dose 4-6 weeks pre-partum |
Semi-annual to annual |
Killed vaccine containing M-protein: 2-3 dose series 2nd dose 2-4 weeks after 1st dose 3rd dose (where recommended by manufacturer) 2-4 weeks after 2nd dose Revaccinate semi-annually Modified live vaccine: 2-dose series administered intranasally 2nd dose 3 weeks after 1st dose Revaccinate semi-annually to annually |
Vaccination is not recommended as a strategy in outbreak mitigation. |
Vaccinations for Adult Horses developed by the American Association of Equine Practitioners Infectious Disease Committee, 2008 and updated by the AAEP Biological & Therapeutic Agents Committee in 2012 and again updated by an AAEP Vaccination Guidelines Review Task Force in 2015.